Structure, Elements of Renal Function GFR and ARF
By the end of the week, students will be able to:
A. Water and Solute Homeostasis and the Kidney: Terms, Concepts, Definitions
- Describe the concept of homeostasis
- Differentiate exogenous versus endogenous wastes
- Describe what is meant by homeostasis, and examine how the kidney participates in the homeostasis of water and sodium
- Diagram the basic concept of body fluid compartments
- Define and differentiate between the following chemical concepts: osmolality, tonicity, equivalence, and molarity
B. Gross and Micro-anatomy of the kidney
- Label gross anatomical structures of the kidney, including renal vasculature
- Assess the major steps in the embryologic development of the kidney and the collecting system, describing how these steps may relate to the following pathologies:
- Cystic diseases of the kidney (ADPKD, ARPKD)
- Duplication of the ureter
- Horseshoe kidney
- Renal agenesis
- Describe the major anatomical divisions of the kidney
- cortex
- medulla
- anatomy of the renal micro-circulation
- Identify the characteristic histologic features of the following renal structures:
- Glomerulus
- Bowman’s space and capsule
- Renal tubules
- Renal calyces
- Juxtaglomerular complex
C. Glomerular Filtration
- Diagram the ultra-structure of the glomerulus and the glomerular capillary wall
- Describe ultrafiltrate formation and the composition of glomerular filtrate
- Analyze the major physical determinants of glomerular filtration:
- Starling forces
- Afferent and efferent arteriolar resistance
- The effect of renal plasma flow on oncotic pressure
- Describe what is meant by glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
- Define and calculate filtration fraction (FF) for a given substance
- Examine the major physiologic and neurohumeral regulators of glomerular filtration
- Describe the concept of clearance and examine the importance of creatinine clearance in assessing renal function
Analyze the relationship between GFR and clearance
